biologyRP4 · OrganisationPaper 1Combined and Separate

Food tests

Method overview

Prepare a food solution. For reducing sugar add Benedict’s and heat in a water bath; for starch add iodine; for protein add Biuret reagent; for lipid use the ethanol emulsion test where appropriate. Record the positive observation and use known controls.

Apparatus set-up

Diagram
Food sample tubes
Benedict's / iodine / Biuret
Water bath

food samples; test tubes; pipettes; Benedict’s solution; iodine solution; Biuret reagent; ethanol; water bath

Independent variable

food sample or known nutrient concentration

Dependent variable

qualitative colour/result

Control variables

sample volume; reagent volume; heating time and temperature

Apparatus

food samples; test tubes; pipettes; Benedict’s solution; iodine solution; Biuret reagent; ethanol; water bath

Safety

Wear eye protection; use a water bath for Benedict’s; keep flammable ethanol away from flames.

Scientific rationale

Controls confirm reagents work and show the negative colour; crushing/dissolving exposes molecules; the water bath heats samples safely and evenly.

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