Water analysis and purification
Method overview
Observe sample, measure pH, filter suspended solids, evaporate a measured portion to estimate dissolved solids, and use simple distillation to obtain pure water. Test before and after treatment.
Apparatus set-up
Diagramwater samples; pH probe; balance; evaporating basin; filter; simple distillation apparatus; heat source
Independent variable
water source or treatment step
Dependent variable
pH, dissolved-solid mass, appearance and purity
Control variables
sample volume; apparatus; heating; drying; calibration
Apparatus
water samples; pH probe; balance; evaporating basin; filter; simple distillation apparatus; heat source
Safety
Wear eye protection; heat gently; clamp apparatus; never seal distillation; samples may be biologically unsafe and should not be tasted.
Scientific rationale
Filtration removes insoluble solids but not dissolved substances; evaporation reveals dissolved solids; distillation separates water by boiling and condensation.