physicsRP6 · ForcesPaper 2Combined and Separate

Force and extension

Method overview

Measure original spring length, add known loads in steps, allow settling, measure new length and calculate extension. Unload in steps to check return and plot force against extension.

Apparatus set-up

Diagram

spring; clamp stand; masses; ruler; pointer; safety goggles

Independent variable

force/load

Dependent variable

extension

Control variables

same spring; starting length; loading increments; ruler position; no oscillation

Apparatus

spring; clamp stand; masses; ruler; pointer; safety goggles

Safety

Secure stand with a heavy base; wear eye protection; catch falling masses; do not overload spring.

Scientific rationale

Extension is change in length; settling prevents oscillation error; unloading tests elastic behaviour.

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